12^th International Conference on Hematology & Hematological Oncology October 29-30, 2018 San Francisco, CA, USA

Erythrocytes are also known as red blood cells which carry oxygen to the body and collect carbon dioxide from the body by the use of haemoglobin and its life span of 120 days. along the side the leucocytes helps in protecting the healthy cells because the W.B.C (leucocytes) act as the defending cells in protecting the immune system from the foreign cells. Formation of blood cellular components are called as Hematopoiesis and all the cellular blood components are derived from hematopoiesis stem cells in a healthy individual nearly 1011–1012  new blood cells are produced these help in steady peripheral circulation. If there is a increases of R.B.C in the body these causes polycythemia these can be measured through hematocrit level.

The blood is living tissue made up of liquid and solids. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts and protein. Over half of the blood is plasma. The solid part of the blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent your blood from doing its work. They can be acute or chronic. Many blood disorders are inherited. Other causes include other diseases, side effects of medicines, and a lack of certain nutrients in one’s diet

A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test, are often grouped together into one test panel called a blood panel or blood work. Blood tests are often used in health care to determine physiological and biochemical states, such as disease, mineral content, pharmaceutical drug effectiveness, and organ function. Typical clinical blood panels include a basic metabolic panel or a complete blood count.

Blood disorders can affect any of the three main components of blood- Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets. One must overcome the difficulties with appropriate treatments for them.

Hematologic oncology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. Haematology includes the study of etiology. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, haemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism of coagulation. The laboratory work that goes into the study of blood is frequently performed by a medical technologist or medical laboratory scientist. Haematologists also conduct studies in oncology and work with oncologists, people who may specialize only in that field instead of both-the medical treatment of cancer. There are various disorders that people are affected by haematology. A few of these different types of blood conditions that are looked at include Anemia, Hemophilia, general blood clots, bleeding disorders, etc. As for related blood cancers such as Leukemia, myeloma, and lymphoma, these are more serious cases that need to be diagnosed- Myeloma, Myelodysplastic syndromes, Multiple Myeloma, Leukaemia, Lymphoma

The term oncology literally means a branch of science that deals with tumours and cancers. The word “onco” means bulk, mass, or tumor while “-logy” means study. Oncologic emergencies, as the term implies, are complications resulting from a cancer itself, a paraneoplastic syndrome, or from treatment of the cancer, that require immediate attention and reversal, Cancers are best managed by discussing in multi-disciplinary tumour boards where medical oncologist, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, pathologist, radiologist and organ specific oncologists meet to find the best possible management for an individual patient considering the physical, social, psychological, emotional and financial status of the patients. It is very important for oncologists to keep updated of the latest advancements in oncology as changes in management of cancer are quite common. All fit patients whose cancer progresses and no standard of care treatment options are available should be enrolled in a clinical trial. Oncologic emergencies, as the term implies, are complications resulting from a cancer itself, a paraneoplastic syndrome, or from treatment of the cancer, that require immediate attention and reversal, if possible. Inpatient treatment is a must, and often these conditions require intervention in an intensive care setting.

Pediatric heamtology is branch of Hematology which deals with child or teen who are suffering from Hematologic Disorders. A pediatric hematologist/oncologist is a specialist who treats children and adolescents with blood diseases or cancer. They are specially trained to work with young patients as well as in both hematology (the study of blood) and oncology (the study of cancer) in children. Pediatric hematologist/oncologists are specially trained to treat children with blood disorders and cancer, some of which exclusively appear in the early years of life. Children are not little adults, and they should receive medical care from a physician who understands the developmental stages the human body as well as how interact with young patients. In addition, paediatric hematologists/oncologists have formal training to treat childhood forms of blood disorders and cancer. Not only do children have different blood disorders and cancers than adults but children also tolerate treatments differently than adults.

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to turn into many different cell types within the body throughout formative years and growth. Additionally, in several tissues they function as a sort of internal repair system, dividing basically without any limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal continues to be alive. Once a stem cell divides, each newly developed cell has the potential to stay as a stem cell or become another variety of cell with a more specialised function, like a muscle cell, a red blood corpuscle, or a nerve cell. Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or cure a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most commonly used stem-cell therapy, however some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood also are in use. A stem cell transplant is a treatment for many forms of cancer. for instance, you might have one if you have leukaemia, myeloma, or some types of lymphoma. Doctors conjointly treat some blood diseases with stem cell transplants.some blood diseases with stem cell transplants.

Elucidation of the various cell types in blood (neutrophils, macrophages, T-cells, B-cells, erythrocytes, platelets) and their specific role in normal blood function and host defence has transformed medicine and our ability to treat human disease. Blood groups  are of ABO type and but at present the Rh blood grouping of 50 well defined  antigens in which 5 are more important they are D,C,c,E and e and Rh factors are of Rh positive and Rh negative which refers to the D-antigen. These D-antigen helps in prevention of erythroblast fetalis lacking of Rh antigen it defined as negative and presences of Rh antigen in blood leads to positive these leads to Rh incompatibility. The prevention treatment of diseases related to the blood is called as the Hematology. The hematologists conduct works on cancer too. The disorder of immune system leading to hypersensitivity is called as Clinical Immunology and the abnormal growth of an infection are known as Inflammation and the arise of an abnormal immune response to the body or an immune suppression are known as Auto immune disorder. The stem cell therapy is used to treat or prevent a disease or a condition mostly Bone marrow stem cell therapy is seen and recently umbilical cord therapy Stem cell transplantation strategies remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases.

Blood banking is the process that takes place in the lab to make sure that donated blood, or blood products, is safe before they are used in blood transfusions and other medical procedures. Blood banking includes typing the blood for transfusion and testing for infectious diseases.

Hematology nurses are specially trained to provide nursing care for patients with blood diseases or disorders. They may also assist with blood transfusions, blood tests, research, and chemotherapy. If you go into hematology, expect to have more responsibility than other nurses, prescriptive authority, and the ability to order diagnostic lab work. Some of the more commonly-known blood diseases and disorders a Hematology nurse may encounter include: Leukemia, lymphoma, sickle cell anemia and hemophilia. Hematology nurses initiate a plan of care to manage symptoms that result from such blood problems. Hematology nursing is often closely associated with oncology nursing, and some nurses will help patients with pain management if their cancer is particularly aggressive. Hematology nurses may work with adults only or specialize in working only with children i.e. Pediatric Hematology nurses. Their responsibilities include: taking medical histories, performing examinations, starting IVs and working with physicians to diagnose various blood diseases and disorders. Hematology nurses also educate patients and their families on how to live with and manage their blood disease. They may also assist with blood transfusions, blood tests, research and chemotherapy. Advanced practice Hematology nursing have some prescriptive authority and can also order diagnostic lab work done.

Decisions to request Hematology tests in animals are largely based on the cost of the test versus the potential benefit of the result to the animal. A CBC is routinely done to establish a database for patient evaluation, while other Hematology tests may be done in an attempt to evaluate a specific problem. Examples of more specific hematologic tests that focus on a problem identified during the diagnostic evaluation of an animal include coagulation tests, such as prothrombin time; bone marrow biopsy and interpretation; and immunologic tests, such as the direct Coombs’ test. 

A blood substitute is a substance used to mimic and fulfil some functions of biological blood. It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion, which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into another. Thus far, there are no well-accepted oxygen-carrying blood substitutes, which are the typical objective of a red blood cell transfusion; however, there are widely available non-blood volume expanders for cases where only volume restoration is required. These are helping doctors and surgeons avoid the risks of disease transmission and immune suppression, address the chronic blood donor shortage, and address the concerns of Jehovah's Witnesses and others who have religious objections to receiving transfused blood. Pathogen reduction using riboflavin and UV light is a method by which infectious pathogens in blood for transfusion are inactivated by adding riboflavin and irradiating withUV light. This method reduces the infectious levels of disease-causing agents that may be found in donated blood components, while still maintaining good quality blood components for transfusion. This type of approach to increase blood safety is also known as “pathogen inactivation” in the industry. An artificial cell or minimal cell is an engineered particle that mimics one or many functions of a biological cell. The term does not refer to a specific physical entity, but rather to the idea that certain functions or structures of biological cells can be replaced or supplemented with a synthetic entity. Often, artificial cells are biological or polymeric membranes which enclose biologically active materials. As such, nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, microcapsules and a number of other particles have qualified as artificial cells. Manufacturing of semi synthetic products of drugs are known as therapeutic biological products. Anticoagulants (antithrombics) are a class of drugs that work to prevent the coagulation (clotting) of blood. Such substances occur naturally in leeches and blood-sucking insects.

Cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry are important adjunctive technologies to the morphologic characterization of blood cells and hematopoietic neoplasms. Although cytochemistry is briefly discussed, the emphasis of this article is on the clinical application of flow cytometry and leukocyte monoclonal antibodies in veterinary medicine. Classification and significance of immunophenotyping in canine and feline lymphomas and immunodeficiencies such as feline immunodeficiency virus and feline Leukemia virus are discussed. Extracellular signalling molecule: an extracellular signalling molecule is produced by one cell and is at least capable of traveling to neighbouring cells. Receptor protein: cells must have cell surface receptor proteins which bind to the signalling molecule and communicate inward into the cell.

Lymphatic diseases this is a type of cancer of the lymphatic system. It can start almost anywhere in the body. It's believed to be caused by HIV, Epstein-Barr Syndrome, age and family history. Symptoms include weight loss, fever, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, itchy skin, fatigue, chest pain, coughing and/or trouble swallowing. The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directionally towards the heart. The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin. Unlike the cardiovascular system the lymphatic system is not a closed system. The human circulatory system processes an average of 20 litres of blood per day through capillary filtration which removes plasma while leaving the blood cells. Roughly 17 litres of the filtered plasma get reabsorbed directly into the blood vessels, while the remaining 3 litres are left behind in the interstitial fluid. One of the main functions of the lymph system is to provide an accessory return route to the blood for the surplus 3 litres. Lymphatic diseases are of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hodgkins. The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, T cells or T lymphocytes mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts specifically to foreign invaders. One of the examples of lymph node development. Formation of lymph node into the tumor which leads to cancer called oncology

Advancing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy into the marketplace is an increasingly costly and lengthy process. As such, new strategies for drug discovery are needed. Drug repurposing represents an opportunity to rapidly advance new therapeutic strategies into clinical trials at a relatively low cost. Known on-patent or off-patent drugs with unrecognized anticancer activity can be rapidly advanced into clinical testing for this new indication by leveraging their known pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. Using this approach, academic groups can participate in the drug discovery field and smaller biotechnology companies can “de-risk” early-stage drug discovery projects. Here, several scientific approaches used to identify drug repurposing opportunities are highlighted, with a focus on hematologic malignancies. In addition, a discussion of the regulatory issues that are unique to drug repurposing and how they impact developing old drugs for new indications is included. Finally, the mechanisms to enhance drug repurposing through increased collaborations between academia, industry, and non-profit charitable organizations are discussed.

A case report is usually considered a kind of anecdotal proof. Given their intrinsic method limitations, including absence of statistical sampling, case reports are placed at the foot of the hierarchy of clinical proof, beside case series. However, Hematology case reports do have genuinely helpful roles in medical research and evidence-based drugs. Specifically, they need facilitated recognition of recent diseases and adverse effects of treatments. For instance, recognition of the link between administration of teratogen to mothers and malformations in their babies was suggested by the report of a specific case. Case reports have a task in pharmacovigilance. They will additionally facilitate understand the clinical spectrum of rare diseases, moreover as uncommon presentations of common diseases. They can facilitate generate study hypotheses, as well as plausible mechanisms of disease. Case reports might also have a task to play in guiding the personalization of treatments in clinical follow.

Hematology 2018 aims to bring all existing and budding entrepreneurs to share experiences and present new innovations and challenges in Blood disorder community. Each year, over a million companies are started in the world with about 5-10 of them classified as high technology companies. Turning ideas into business is tricky and the opportunity recognition is the most important stage for establishment of new venture. This two day event will showcase talks, posters from renowned speakers addressing all the new challenges and advancement in the field of Hemophilia and Blood disorder. This session will include cutting edge Blood disorder research to highlight the advancement in the medical field.