Jianrong Wang
Soochow University School of Medicine, China
Title: Autophagy in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis
Biography
Biography: Jianrong Wang
Abstract
Autophagy, a unique protective cytoplasmic machinery involving lysosomal degradation, is required for hematopoietic stem cell multilineage differentiation that protects against leukemogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We uncovered a mechanistic link between autophagy and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Physiological autophagy activity was found to be inversely correlated with Notch signaling during hematopoietic stem cell differentiation whilst pathologically low autophagy activity was associated with upregulated Notch signaling in dysfunctional hematopoietic stem cells of leukemia patients. Furthermore, we show that autophagy directly degrades intracellular Notch whereas conditional autophagy defects lead to elevated intracellular Notch and its downstream targets as well as failed hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cell differentiation potential, however, was restored in an autophagy defective system when Notch signaling was pharmacologically or genetically abrogated. Finally, we identified mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an upstream trigger for autophagy to physiologically downregulate Notch signaling and drive hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Hence, in the cause of development when mitochondrial ROS are progressively produced, autophagy is triggered by the ROS to target Notch signaling to sustain hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. Autophagy dysfunction is attributed to the differentiation blockades which are often the cause of hematological malignancies. Therefore, our present findings provide a critical insight into the current mechanistic understanding of physiological and pathological connections between autophagy and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, thereby proposing a novel mechanism by which autophagy maintains hematopoiesis and protects against leukemogenesis.