Alireza Jahanbani has completed DVM at the age of 26 years old from Islamic Azad University Garmsar branch. He is member of Iranian young researcher club since 2008 and member of Iran Biochemistry association since 2010. He has published 6 papers and authored 6 books

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of electrolysis technique on blood coagulation process (BCP), hematological and biochemical parameters involved in BCP. A healthy ram was used as the experimental model. The ram were kept in order to spending adaptation period respecting to animal rights. Initial tests confirmed the health of BCP. Then blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein every 14 days. Each time, 10 ml were poured in a container made up of polypropylene polymers immediately. Using of an electrical power-supply and two pieces of platinum as the non-reactive electrodes, a range of 500 to 800 mV electric charges were induced. At the same time 10 ml of blood was poured in another container as control sample. The remaining blood was divided into three tubes; EDTA, Citrate and tube without anticoagulant for hematological tests. During the electrolysis, BCP were examined using capillary tube every 30 seconds in both containers. After 12 minutes and 40 seconds, control blood clotted while the blood of electrolysis container (EC) didn\'t clot 30 minutes after that. Partial Thromboplastin Time and Prothrombin Time increased significantly. Prothrombin activity, calcium, fibrinogen and total protein decreased. Other factors also confirmed the delay in BCP. Although BCP was delayed but macroscopic features of the blood was downgraded. In order to reaching more details, complementary experiments are needed.

Maryam Esghaei has completed her PhD in Medical Virology in 2012 February from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. She is the Assistant Professor in Virology Department ,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.She has published more than 7 papers in ISI indexed journals.

OBJECTIVE: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the causative agent of Kaposi\'s sarcoma(KS), but it has also been associated with different hematologic malignancies, including,plasmablastic lymphoma, multicentric Castelman\'s disease (MCD), primary effusion lymphoma(PEL) and various atypical lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with underlying lymphoproliferative diseases and chronic blood disorders who become infected with this virus are at risk for human malignancies. This small study attempts to confirm this relation between the Human herpesvirus 8 infection as one of the predisposing factor of acute malignancy in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. METHODS:The laboratory records of 73 patients\' PBMC samples, which were tested for detection of HHV-8 open- reading frame (ORF) 26 DNA by nested PCR amplification during the period from September 2014 to September 2015, were reviewed retrospectively at the Firouzgar ,Tehran,Iran.rnRESULTS:HHV-8 was detected in PBMCs from 16 (21.9%) of the 73 patients with lymphoproliferative and chronic blood disorders using nested PCR. Elevent out of the 16 positive patients had Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as One out of the 16 positive patients suffered from Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and the others suffered from Hodgkin’s lymphoma. CONCLUSION: We conclude that HHV-8 can be considered as one of the predisposing actors of malignancy in patients with lympho proliferative and chronic blood disorders. Furthermore, it does not rule out the possibility that other immunological triggers and environmental risk factors may account for their etiopathogenesis.

Farah Bokharaei-Salim has completed his PhD in 2010 from Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. She is an Assistant Professor of Virology at Iran University of Medical Sciences and also she is Technical Assistant of HIV Laboratory of National Center at Deputy of Health of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. She has published more than 20 papers.

Occult hepatitis-C virus infection (OCI) is a new pathological entity of chronic HCV infection characterized by the presence of the HCV-RNA in liver biopsy and/or PBMC specimens and the absence of HCV-RNA and anti-HCV Abs in plasma samples. The β-thalassemia major is a hereditary recessive blood disease with deficiency in the hemoglobin beta chain. Thalassemic patients need blood transfusion therapy; repeated blood transfusion increases viral blood borne infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of OCI in the Iranian patients with β-thalassemia major. A total of 147 Iranian patients with β-thalassemia major were enrolled in this study. After extraction of the viral RNA from the samples, the genomic HCV-RNA of the specimens was amplified by RT-nested PCR using primers from the 5′-UTR. The HCV genotypes of the positive specimens were tested using the RFLP assay. To confirm the HCV genotypes, the 5′-UTR fragment was amplified and cloned into pJET1.2/ blunt cloning vector and then sequenced. From the 147 patients, 106 (72.1%) were anti-HCV Abs and HCV-RNA negative. The HCV-RNA was found in PBMC specimens of six (5.7%) patients, from a total of 106 patients with undetectable HCV-RNA plasma and anti-HCV Abs. Therefore, six out of 106 patients had OCI. The HCV genotyping revealed that three patients were infected with HCV-subtype 1b, two patients were infected with HCV-subtype 3a and one patient was infected with HCV-subtype 1a. The obtained results revealed that Iranian patients with beta-thalassemia major may have OCI. Therefore, it seems that the design of a study to identify this infection in the patients with β-thalassemia major would provide valuable information.

Dr. Laura Thompson completed her Doctorate in Business Administration from Argosy University. She is a graduate faculty member and dissertation methodologist of Keiser University Graduate School of Business. She has published several papers in reputed journals and serves as a reviewer. Kimberly Scott is currently an Instructor of Medical Assisting, Health Services Administration, and Business at Keiser University, Florida. Prior to this she worked with an Internist in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida where she assisted the physician in the office and hospital. She is currently completing her Doctor of Business Degree with a Global Business Concentration at Keiser University.

In terms of purpose, accountability systems are designed to apply governance, and in some cases, legislate rules, in order to impact the quality of the end result, or control the behavior of people and their environments [19]. The rules within accountability systems are usually implicit, intrinsic, very detailed, and fully known by only a few people. Strategic Misalignment occurs when decisions are made, without communication or ethical standards [13]. To address the challenges associated with accountability in for and non profit organizations, a sequential explanatory mixed method design was employed, along with action research. The existing research stopped with organizational accountability and rules formation surrounded within the context of information access (those who have access to information). However, a framework or architectural design must be created first. The revisions are based on the technical and cultural similarities/updates to the definitions seen in the literature for a global system used to track diagnosis and decision making. This paper provides empirical evidence of the significance of management information systems and how they contribute to the tracking and monitoring of blood conditions on the two continents. The paper concludes by identifying the need for a comprehensive management information system, and practical framework that can track and monitor SCA on a global level. The framework is the component required to organize and maintain the data for SCA improvement effort.

Vandana Sharma is currently perusing PhD under Dr.Tulika Seth, Additional Professor, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Aplastic anemia (AA) is characterized by peripheral blood pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow involving destruction of hematopoietic stem cells by T cells and their cytokine products. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and perforin are one of the mediators of cell destruction.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn this study we investigated the expression of intracellular IFN-γ and perforin in T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of 30 acquired aplastic anemia patients by flow cytometry. None of the patients had been started on immune suppressive therapy. The patients were categorized as per disease severity: non severe AA (NSAA), severe AA (SAA) and very severe AA (VSAA).\r\n\r\nThe mean percentage of CD5 T cells expressing IFN-γ was higher in NSAA as compared to severe and very severe (SAA+VSAA) group (p= 0.033) and SAA group (p= 0.05).The mean percentage of CD5 T cells expressing perforin was higher in the SAA+VSAA group in comparison to NSAA group (P = 0.040).\r\n\r\nLower IFN-γ expression in SAA/VSAA cohort as compared to the NSAA cohort could be due to the fact that total T cells available for analysis is much higher in the NSA group as compared to SAA/VSAA. IFN-γ stimulates the effector T cells for activity against the target cell which in case of aplastic anemia is the hematopoietic stem cell. High expression of perforin by CD5 T cells could be a marker of aberrant activation of immune system in response to an as yet unknown inciting agent.\r\n